13:I[87,["736","static/chunks/89fc4f0e-9e200ae6a0166583.js","401","static/chunks/363642f4-32903b9154b7835a.js","153","static/chunks/153-58eddeb032cc4608.js","131","static/chunks/131-05ce00cfd760e12b.js","87","static/chunks/87-b76b60eef573119a.js","286","static/chunks/app/problem/%5Bid%5D/page-45cf3875257fc32e.js"],"Header"] 14:I[1742,["736","static/chunks/89fc4f0e-9e200ae6a0166583.js","401","static/chunks/363642f4-32903b9154b7835a.js","153","static/chunks/153-58eddeb032cc4608.js","131","static/chunks/131-05ce00cfd760e12b.js","87","static/chunks/87-b76b60eef573119a.js","286","static/chunks/app/problem/%5Bid%5D/page-45cf3875257fc32e.js"],"ProblemView"] 15:T626,

In order to celebrate Twice's 5th anniversary, Tzuyu and Sana decided to play a game.

Tzuyu gave Sana two integers $$$a$$$ and $$$b$$$ and a really important quest.

In order to complete the quest, Sana has to output the smallest possible value of ($$$a \oplus x$$$) + ($$$b \oplus x$$$) for any given $$$x$$$, where $$$\oplus$$$ denotes the bitwise XOR operation.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases $$$t$$$ ($$$1 \le t \le 10^{4}$$$). Description of the test cases follows.

The only line of each test case contains two integers $$$a$$$ and $$$b$$$ ($$$1 \le a, b \le 10^{9}$$$).

Output

For each testcase, output the smallest possible value of the given expression.

Note

For the first test

XORwice

Examples